Emergency contraception (the "morning-after pill") is one of the most misunderstood medical devices — due to widespread misconceptions, many either do not use it at all when needed, or use it incorrectly, missing the maximum window of effectiveness.
Three available options
Levonorgestrel (e.g., Plan B). The most widely available option, it is effective for 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, although effectiveness decreases over time — the sooner it is taken, the higher the effectiveness. Studies suggest that effectiveness is noticeably reduced in people with a higher body mass index.
Ulipristal acetate (e.g. ella). Has a long-lasting window — effective for up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected intercourse, and studies have shown it to be more consistently effective over that period than levonorgestrel. Availability in Georgia may be limited by prescription requirement.
Copper IUD. The most effective emergency method (failure rate less than 1%), effective up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse, and has the added advantage of simultaneously remaining a long-term contraceptive if desired.
How it works — and what it doesn't do
Both hormonal options primarily either stop/delay ovulation or prevent fertilization — by medical consensus (as defined by the FDA and WHO), these drugs do not terminate an already established pregnancy and are not equivalent to medical abortion. If a pregnancy is already established at the time of administration, the drug is simply ineffective and has no effect on the developing pregnancy.
Myth: "Frequent use is dangerous to health"
Emergency contraception is not an ideal regular method (it is less effective than permanent methods, and frequent use can temporarily disrupt your cycle), but there is no evidence that it causes long-term harm to fertility or general health with repeated use. It is safe to take repeatedly, even within a single cycle, if needed.
Myth: "Only for rape cases"
Emergency contraception is intended for any situation where contraception has failed or was not used at all — a broken condom, a forgotten pill, or unprotected sex with consent are just as legitimate grounds as any other situation.
Who is not a good candidate?
Ulipristal acetate may be less effective if you have recently taken regular progestin-only contraception - this should be discussed with your pharmacist or doctor, depending on your specific situation. Inserting a copper IUD requires a visit to a gynecologist, which is a time-limited option, but it is the most reliable option for those who can get it done within this timeframe.
What do you do after receiving?
Side effects (nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, unexpected bleeding) are usually mild and temporary. If menstruation does not start on the expected days, or is more than 3 weeks late, a pregnancy test is recommended. It is important to remember that emergency contraception does not protect against subsequent contact in the same cycle — a regular contraceptive method should be started or resumed immediately.
Accessibility
In many countries around the world, emergency contraception containing levonorgestrel is available over the counter at pharmacies — it is worth checking with your local pharmacy or doctor for specific availability in Georgia, as regulations change over time.